Plant-parasitic nematodes wreak havoc on the yield and quality of crops worldwide.Damage from these pests is estimated to exceed US$100 bllion annually but is likely higher due to misdiagnosis.Nematode damage may be c...Plant-parasitic nematodes wreak havoc on the yield and quality of crops worldwide.Damage from these pests is estimated to exceed US$100 bllion annually but is likely higher due to misdiagnosis.Nematode damage may be catastrophic,but historically the solution has been damaging as well.Use of the synthetic nematicide methyl bromide(MBr)poses risks to the environment and to human health.Biofumigation,the use of plant material and naturally produced compounds to control pests,is an increasingly feasible method of pest management.The process acts through the growth or incorporation of plant material into the soil,that,over the course of its degradation,releases glucosinolates that break down into nematotoxic isothiocyanates.These secondary plant metabolites exist naturally in commonly grown plants,most of which belong to the Brassicaceae family.Research endeavors have increasingly explored the potential of biofumigation.The reaction of target pests,the selection of biofumigant,and ideal environments for efficacy continue to be evaluated.This review seeks to provide a cost and benefit assessment of the status of biofumigation for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes as an alternative to conventional methyl bromide usage.展开更多
BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate(AITC),a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent,was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.However,little is known about its direct ...BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate(AITC),a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent,was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.However,little is known about its direct impact on the liver.AIM To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AITC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(commonly referred to as NAFLD).METHODS To establish a mouse and cellular model of NAFLD,C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet(HFD)for 8 wk,and AML-12 cells were treated with 200μM palmitate acid for 24 h.For AITC treatment,mice were administered AITC(100 mg/kg/d)orally and AML-12 cells were treated with AITC(20μmol/L).RESULTS AITC significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain,hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in vivo.Furthermore,serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were markedly reduced in AITC-treated mice.Mechanistically,AITC significantly downregulated the protein levels of sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1(SREBP1)and its lipogenesis target genes and upregulated the levels of proteins involved in fatty acidβ-oxidation,as well as the upstream mediators Sirtuin 1(Sirt1)and AMPactivated protein kinaseα(AMPKα),in the livers of HFD-fed mice.AITC also attenuated the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Consistently,AITC relieved palmitate acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in AML-12 cells in vitro through the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.Importantly,further studies showed that the curative effect of AITC on lipid accumulation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Sirt1 or AMPKαin AML-12 cells.CONCLUSION AITC significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.Therefore,AITC is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.展开更多
Objective:Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.)is an important herb in trad让ional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men.In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to ...Objective:Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.)is an important herb in trad让ional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men.In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to destroy leukemic cancer(Jurkat E6-1)cells,using the alkaloid extract of this plant.Methods:Constituents of the alkaloid extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and their cytotoxicity in leukemic cancer cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)was assessed.Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering,caspase-3 activity,annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and mitochondrial toxicity assays.The specific course of gene activation in treated cells was determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results:GC-MS analysis identified six alkaloids and proto-alkaloids,namely,benzyl isothiocyanate(1),2-ethoxy-4H-3,l-benzoxazin-4-one(2),(4R)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-4-phenyloxazoline(3),5-acetyl-1,2-di hydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-pyridi necarbonitrile(4).ben zo[b][l,8]-n aphthyridin-5(10H)-on e,2.4,7-trimethyl(5)and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone(6),in the alkaloid extract of L.sativum.Of these,compound 1 was previously identified in the seeds of L.sativum.Exposure to the alkaloid extract caused death of Jurkat E6-1 cells,with median lethal concentration(LC50)of 75.25 ng/mL.However,the alkaloid extract also showed a nontoxic and proliferative(1.6-fold)effect in healthy PBMCs.Further experiments performed w让h Jurkat cells at LC50 and sub-LC50 doses dem on strated DNA fragmentation,activation of caspase-3 and time-dependant phosphatidylserine translocation(apoptosis)from inner to outer cell membranes.Cell toxicity and assessment of adenosine triphosphate level,together with using qPCR to evaluate expression profile of major apoptosis genes,revealed that apoptosis may be induced by disruption in the mitochondrial outer membrane potential,through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in Jurkat cells.Conclusion:The ability of the 展开更多
Free amino acids and short peptides (FAPS) that play an important role in plant nutrition can be extracted from rapeseed meal(RSM) by microbial enzymolysis. The enzymolytic activity of one bacterial strain isolate...Free amino acids and short peptides (FAPS) that play an important role in plant nutrition can be extracted from rapeseed meal(RSM) by microbial enzymolysis. The enzymolytic activity of one bacterial strain isolated from RSM for the production of FAPSfertilizer (FAPSF) via solid-state fermentation, as well as its detoxification activity for isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethione, wasinvestigated in this study. The strain NJNPD41 isolated from RSM piled-soil possessed effective proteolytic activity and was identifiedas Bacillus flexus on the basis of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as 16S rDNA analysis. Comparedto the uainoculated control, inoculation with the strain NJNPD41 significantly increased the yield of total free amino acids and shortpeptides by 115% and decreased the content of isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethione by 53% and 60%, respectively, after solid-statefermentation. The pot and field experiments showed that FAPSF significantly promoted eggplant growth and enhanced the fruit yieldand quality of eggplant compared to the control. In conclusion, this study provided a novel method for the high-value utilization ofRSM to produce high-quality and low-toxicity FAPSF using the newly isolated strain B. flexus NJNPD41.展开更多
以6-氯嘌呤为原料,9-位经苄基保护后,与硫氰酸银合成6-异硫氰基-9-苄基嘌呤化合物,并对其合成条件进行了优化.以甲苯/水(体积比为2∶1)作为溶剂,在110℃下反应24h,相转移催化剂SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)为1mol的条件下,6-异硫氰基-9-...以6-氯嘌呤为原料,9-位经苄基保护后,与硫氰酸银合成6-异硫氰基-9-苄基嘌呤化合物,并对其合成条件进行了优化.以甲苯/水(体积比为2∶1)作为溶剂,在110℃下反应24h,相转移催化剂SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)为1mol的条件下,6-异硫氰基-9-苄基嘌呤的产率达到最高(92%收率).目标化合物的结构经1 H NMR(核磁共振氢谱)、(13) C NMR(核磁共振碳谱)和HRMS(高分辨质谱)表征,证明合成了目标产物.展开更多
Precision and repeatability are challenging issues in point of care testing(POCT) analysis. Herein, we proposed a lateral flow assay(LFA) based on internal quality control microspheres to realize the accurate diagnosi...Precision and repeatability are challenging issues in point of care testing(POCT) analysis. Herein, we proposed a lateral flow assay(LFA) based on internal quality control microspheres to realize the accurate diagnosis of HbAlc in human body. Fluorescein cy5 decorated microspheres are used as labels for HbAlc detection, and BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) decorated microspheres are used as internal quality control labels. One test line was employed in the strip for the detection of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc). This method can eliminate the interference of environmental factors(temperature, humidity,etc.) to LFA in the process of chromatography, and improve the precision and accuracy of HbAlc detection.The CV for detection of low concentration HbAlc was 1.05%, and the CV for detection of high concentration HbAlc was 0.69%. We envision the method to have great prospect in in vitro diagnosis(IVD).展开更多
文摘Plant-parasitic nematodes wreak havoc on the yield and quality of crops worldwide.Damage from these pests is estimated to exceed US$100 bllion annually but is likely higher due to misdiagnosis.Nematode damage may be catastrophic,but historically the solution has been damaging as well.Use of the synthetic nematicide methyl bromide(MBr)poses risks to the environment and to human health.Biofumigation,the use of plant material and naturally produced compounds to control pests,is an increasingly feasible method of pest management.The process acts through the growth or incorporation of plant material into the soil,that,over the course of its degradation,releases glucosinolates that break down into nematotoxic isothiocyanates.These secondary plant metabolites exist naturally in commonly grown plants,most of which belong to the Brassicaceae family.Research endeavors have increasingly explored the potential of biofumigation.The reaction of target pests,the selection of biofumigant,and ideal environments for efficacy continue to be evaluated.This review seeks to provide a cost and benefit assessment of the status of biofumigation for the control of plant-parasitic nematodes as an alternative to conventional methyl bromide usage.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81700504 and No.81700511Science Foundation of Health Bureau of Zhejiang Province,No.2017183691+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY17H030006 and No.LQ15H030002Zhejiang Medical Science and Technology Project,No.2017193668.
文摘BACKGROUND Allyl isothiocyanate(AITC),a classic anti-inflammatory and antitumorigenic agent,was recently identified as a potential treatment for obesity and insulin resistance.However,little is known about its direct impact on the liver.AIM To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of AITC in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(commonly referred to as NAFLD).METHODS To establish a mouse and cellular model of NAFLD,C57BL/6 mice were fed a high fat diet(HFD)for 8 wk,and AML-12 cells were treated with 200μM palmitate acid for 24 h.For AITC treatment,mice were administered AITC(100 mg/kg/d)orally and AML-12 cells were treated with AITC(20μmol/L).RESULTS AITC significantly ameliorated HFD-induced weight gain,hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in vivo.Furthermore,serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels were markedly reduced in AITC-treated mice.Mechanistically,AITC significantly downregulated the protein levels of sterol regulatory elementbinding protein 1(SREBP1)and its lipogenesis target genes and upregulated the levels of proteins involved in fatty acidβ-oxidation,as well as the upstream mediators Sirtuin 1(Sirt1)and AMPactivated protein kinaseα(AMPKα),in the livers of HFD-fed mice.AITC also attenuated the nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)signaling pathway.Consistently,AITC relieved palmitate acid-induced lipid accumulation and inflammation in AML-12 cells in vitro through the Sirt1/AMPK and NF-κB signaling pathways.Importantly,further studies showed that the curative effect of AITC on lipid accumulation was abolished by siRNA-mediated knockdown of either Sirt1 or AMPKαin AML-12 cells.CONCLUSION AITC significantly ameliorates hepatic steatosis and inflammation by activating the Sirt1/AMPK pathway and inhibiting the NF-κB pathway.Therefore,AITC is a potential therapeutic agent for NAFLD.
基金Scientific and Industrial Research for providing necessary facilities(KRC No.:CSIR-NEERI/KRC/2018/MAY/AID-EISD/1)Department of Science and Technology for providing fellowships(IF120278).
文摘Objective:Garden cress(Lepidium sativum L.)is an important herb in trad让ional medicine used to improve production of breast milk in women and semen in men.In the present research the authors evaluated its ability to destroy leukemic cancer(Jurkat E6-1)cells,using the alkaloid extract of this plant.Methods:Constituents of the alkaloid extract were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)and their cytotoxicity in leukemic cancer cells and healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)was assessed.Cell death via apoptosis was confirmed by DNA laddering,caspase-3 activity,annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate and mitochondrial toxicity assays.The specific course of gene activation in treated cells was determined through quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR).Results:GC-MS analysis identified six alkaloids and proto-alkaloids,namely,benzyl isothiocyanate(1),2-ethoxy-4H-3,l-benzoxazin-4-one(2),(4R)-2-(2-aminophenyl)-4-phenyloxazoline(3),5-acetyl-1,2-di hydro-6-methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-3-pyridi necarbonitrile(4).ben zo[b][l,8]-n aphthyridin-5(10H)-on e,2.4,7-trimethyl(5)and 1,4-diaminoanthraquinone(6),in the alkaloid extract of L.sativum.Of these,compound 1 was previously identified in the seeds of L.sativum.Exposure to the alkaloid extract caused death of Jurkat E6-1 cells,with median lethal concentration(LC50)of 75.25 ng/mL.However,the alkaloid extract also showed a nontoxic and proliferative(1.6-fold)effect in healthy PBMCs.Further experiments performed w让h Jurkat cells at LC50 and sub-LC50 doses dem on strated DNA fragmentation,activation of caspase-3 and time-dependant phosphatidylserine translocation(apoptosis)from inner to outer cell membranes.Cell toxicity and assessment of adenosine triphosphate level,together with using qPCR to evaluate expression profile of major apoptosis genes,revealed that apoptosis may be induced by disruption in the mitochondrial outer membrane potential,through activation of extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in Jurkat cells.Conclusion:The ability of the
文摘Free amino acids and short peptides (FAPS) that play an important role in plant nutrition can be extracted from rapeseed meal(RSM) by microbial enzymolysis. The enzymolytic activity of one bacterial strain isolated from RSM for the production of FAPSfertilizer (FAPSF) via solid-state fermentation, as well as its detoxification activity for isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethione, wasinvestigated in this study. The strain NJNPD41 isolated from RSM piled-soil possessed effective proteolytic activity and was identifiedas Bacillus flexus on the basis of its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, as well as 16S rDNA analysis. Comparedto the uainoculated control, inoculation with the strain NJNPD41 significantly increased the yield of total free amino acids and shortpeptides by 115% and decreased the content of isothiocyanates and oxazolidinethione by 53% and 60%, respectively, after solid-statefermentation. The pot and field experiments showed that FAPSF significantly promoted eggplant growth and enhanced the fruit yieldand quality of eggplant compared to the control. In conclusion, this study provided a novel method for the high-value utilization ofRSM to produce high-quality and low-toxicity FAPSF using the newly isolated strain B. flexus NJNPD41.
文摘以6-氯嘌呤为原料,9-位经苄基保护后,与硫氰酸银合成6-异硫氰基-9-苄基嘌呤化合物,并对其合成条件进行了优化.以甲苯/水(体积比为2∶1)作为溶剂,在110℃下反应24h,相转移催化剂SDBS(十二烷基苯磺酸钠)为1mol的条件下,6-异硫氰基-9-苄基嘌呤的产率达到最高(92%收率).目标化合物的结构经1 H NMR(核磁共振氢谱)、(13) C NMR(核磁共振碳谱)和HRMS(高分辨质谱)表征,证明合成了目标产物.
基金supported by the State key Basic Research Program of the PRC(No.2014CB744501)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFA0205301)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61527806,61471168 and 61871180)open Funding of State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases(No.SKLOD20180F02).
文摘Precision and repeatability are challenging issues in point of care testing(POCT) analysis. Herein, we proposed a lateral flow assay(LFA) based on internal quality control microspheres to realize the accurate diagnosis of HbAlc in human body. Fluorescein cy5 decorated microspheres are used as labels for HbAlc detection, and BSA-fluorescein isothiocyanate(FITC) decorated microspheres are used as internal quality control labels. One test line was employed in the strip for the detection of glycosylated hemoglobin(HbAlc). This method can eliminate the interference of environmental factors(temperature, humidity,etc.) to LFA in the process of chromatography, and improve the precision and accuracy of HbAlc detection.The CV for detection of low concentration HbAlc was 1.05%, and the CV for detection of high concentration HbAlc was 0.69%. We envision the method to have great prospect in in vitro diagnosis(IVD).